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doctoboggan 12 hours ago [-]
A bit of a meta comment: I love when wikipedia articles are posted to HN, I always click on them as I know they will be interesting. On one of the recent wikipedia article posts (Glacier Mice I believe) someone commented that there should be a bluesky bot that collects and posts these so I (well Claude..) made one!
It puts everything in perspective, although not sure if the best one, can be overwhelming and ie many religious people tune out since there are no clear answers they were conditioned from childhood to expect, its hard to find god in endless universe with protons decayed for example.
Its easy to feel that everything is meaningless on long/large enough scale, even if we decide to annihilate Earth, or whole Solar system, or entire Milky way somehow. Universe will continue its dance from sub-quarks to largest filaments of galaxies unaffected and end state is as inevitable as the fact that tomorrow will happen.
moehm 9 hours ago [-]
I don't want to spam, but I built this during the pandemic (pre ai). Maybe this is useful to you:
> Some researchers have ascribed sexual characteristics to the object.
My wife jokes that anthropologists think everything is about either sex or religion. It never occurs to them that these figurines might be toys for kids. After all, children 40,000 years ago were anatomically modern. They would have gotten bored and wanted to play, or missed their parents while the parents were out foraging or hunting.
doctoboggan 12 hours ago [-]
If you read the "Manufacture" section you will find this:
> Wulf Hein and Kurt Wehrberger conducted an experimental replication with the kinds of stone tools available at the time. Removing the base of the tusk took ten hours. The body was carved with a steep-fronted scraper; the burins requiring regular resharpening. Several tools were needed to separate the torso from the insides of the arms while shaping the head and shoulders, which involved difficult cutting across the grain of the ivory, often requiring two hands on the tool. The basic shaping is estimated to have taken around 200 hours, and in total the recreation likely took more than 370 hours.[d] Jill Cook, Curator of Palaeolithic collections at the British Museum, suggests that "unless the sculpture was created slowly at odd moments over several months, someone as skilled as an artist may have been excused from other subsistence tasks to work specially on this piece."[23]
Nearly a year of "full time" work at 40hrs/week went into this, so I do not think it was simply a children's toy.
EDIT: Not a year, actually just over 2 months.
pinkmuffinere 12 hours ago [-]
> > The basic shaping is estimated to have taken around 200 hours, and in total the recreation likely took more than 370 hours.
> Nearly a year of "full time" work at 40hrs/week went into this
Sorry, I think you may be mistaken? From the section you quote, it looks like it's about 370 hours, or 9 weeks of full time effort. That's still a lot, but certainly not nearly a year.
Nition 12 hours ago [-]
I can also imagine that someone with a lot of practice might be significantly faster than some unskilled researchers.
I also don't think it rules out it being something for a child. It's not so rare to do big projects for you kids even today, over many evenings and weekends. And when you don't have any books to read or screens to watch...
pinkmuffinere 12 hours ago [-]
Ya, I tend to agree. I think I personally have spent 9 weeks of effort on gifts for 2-3 people in my lifetime, and I don't even have kids yet.
samudrijan 11 hours ago [-]
That’s because you don’t have kids yet.
broken-kebab 6 hours ago [-]
Not being a hunter-gatherer also helps, I imagine.
thayne 11 hours ago [-]
It could also be passed down through multiple siblings and possibly generations. And possibly the creation of it was itself a pasttime.
doctoboggan 12 hours ago [-]
Yes you are right not sure how I flubbed that one. Made an edit in my comment.
samudrijan 11 hours ago [-]
Too busy thinking about sex and religion.
IsTom 7 hours ago [-]
I can imagine them not having a lot to do during winter nights, besides sitting by the fire. That's a lot of time for carving.
broken-kebab 6 hours ago [-]
They had a lot to do during winter, though, cause it was a society with subsistence economy.
int3trap 4 hours ago [-]
It could have been a member of the tribe that was disabled and had nothing but time. There's evidence to suggest that individuals like that weren't simply discarded.
There are a number of plausible explanations including just someone DID have the time and wasn't all that busy. That's even more likely but I wanted to call out the perspective that it might not have been the most typical situation that led to this.
IsTom 5 hours ago [-]
If 30-40k timelines are right that's way before agriculture and any kind of "economy". It's firmly hunter-gatherers and there's not much of that to do when it's after sunset.
broken-kebab 4 hours ago [-]
"Economy" by merits of its definition is an applicable term for hunter-gathering societies. And is used widely in this quality, in fact.
Nobody says they couldn't find a time to do carving (existence of the artifact shows they could). The issue in question is comparative value of the time spent on it. Hunting, gathering and concomitant works were certainly both physically and mentally very demanding activities, and their way of life required thoughtful spending of energy. Consequently, whatever irregular pastime they had should have to be extremely valuable. It makes 'toy theory' somewhat unconvincing.
harpiaharpyja 1 hours ago [-]
Pastimes are in fact incredibly valuable. And it's possible the motivations that led to the creation of this artifact wasn't just all about the end product.
rayiner 4 hours ago [-]
Subsistence economy as a hunter gatherer is much easier than as a farmer.
broken-kebab 2 hours ago [-]
I don't think so. I know, somebody recently re-popularized Sahlins theory claiming that HG essentially spent most of their lives happily dancing and singing around fires, but the popularity, I believe, is due to tapping into the lost paradise trope, not because it's well-established.
For instance, I heard Reich said in a podcast that genes linked to obesity, and diabetes, which in our times are, of course, seen as detrimental, were norm among Eurasian WHG population. And this suggests they weren't detrimental to them. Now, what would make quick fat in-body production beneficial? I guess, when your calories intake is uncertain and irregular. There are other researches on the same Kalahari Bushmen, Sahlins used to made the theory of HG affluence, which e.g. emphasize how food scarcity affects customs of food sharing. Similar observations made about "uncontacted" Amazonian tribes, where food theoretically is abundant, but the amount of time, and effort one needs to extract them with pre-metal era tools is still too high to go to rest without at least a slight feeling of hunger.
Reality is that Sahlins probably made observations in an unusually good year, and then romanticized them too much. And that's the only data point on which the theory rests to the best of my knowledge, with many points contradicting it.
One may argue that hunting with its short feedback loop, and camaraderie of a tight group relying on each other's help are healthier psychologically compared to office politics and closing boring tasks, or even farming work - not without merit. But uncertainty of survival, calorie deficit, and amount of both mental, and physical effort HG-ing required is definitely underappreciated among followers of "Original affluent society" theory. HG didn't have easy lifestyle with long creative rests. It's just something we'd love to believe, because of how cool it sounds.
nofriend 12 hours ago [-]
>Nearly a year of "full time" work at 40hrs/week went into this
You uh, missed a decimal point there. A year at 40 hours/week would be 2000 hours, not 200. The quote "unless the sculpture was created slowly at odd moments over several months" seems accurate in light of that, but rather odd: why wouldn't it be created slowly at odd moments over several months, or even years? Was prehistoric man lacking in free time? The article eventually continues: "why would a community living on the edge of subsistence, whose primary concerns were finding food, keeping that fire going, protecting children from predators, allow someone to spend so much time away from those tasks?" Keeping a fire going or protecting from predators are tasks with rather a lot of down time. I can easily imagine a person doing either of those while also whittling on a piece of bone. It's also just ridiculous to assume that subsistence living meant being constantly on the verge of starvation. Sometimes times were bad, and many people died. Then later, times were good, food could be obtained easily, and plenty of time would be left over for leisure tasks.
adonovan 4 hours ago [-]
Yeah, I get the sense “possibly for ritual use” is how anthropologists say “no idea”.
natpalmer1776 5 hours ago [-]
In this case they were not attributing its purpose or meaning to sex, rather trying to identify the artists intended gender of the lion person.
mcookly 3 hours ago [-]
It's probably because, unfortunately, anthropologists don't play much.
> My wife jokes that anthropologists think everything is about either sex or religion. It never occurs to them that these figurines might be toys for kids.
They actually do as anyone who actually reads or go to museums knows.
wpollock 16 hours ago [-]
> ... so why would a community living on the edge of subsistence, whose primary concerns were finding food, keeping that fire going, protecting children from predators, allow someone to spend so much time away from those tasks?
One possibility that occurs to me is the carving was done by the elderly, the injured, or possibility the young, who would not have such duties. A carving by a shaman is another possibility.
bee_rider 15 hours ago [-]
I think it doesn’t really need much explaining anyway. Just from their example, 2/3 of those tasks (keeping the fire going and protecting from predators) required just… being awake and reasonably alert. I mean you could spend the time sitting around the fire making arrows (or spears or whatever, not sure what they had in year 40k BC), but maybe they ran out of nice stones to sharpen.
Probably most of us would not want to trade places with a substance hunter/gatherer, but their lives had downtime, right? I would expect their lives to be punctuated by good downtime (got enough food to eat and a good supply of tools, time to relax) as well as bad downtime (wasn’t successful at hunting or gathering, ran out of resources to process).
tyrabound 14 hours ago [-]
You are deceived by the propaganda that was largely pushed to promote and rationalize industrial age interests and exploit industrial labor camp factory inmates. Even above people have said things like “no one would want to trade with a subsistence life”, which is based on the assumption that their life of being a wage and/or debt slave or slaver of the system is a superior state of being. Merely historical artifacts we have found and what we can plausibly piece together tell us that at least people’s lives had meaning and were authentic, which most people today in the West simply cannot say with any sincerity.
Are you better off because you can play video games and doom scroll while stuffing yourself with people shop chemicals and then take lizard toxin to control your diabetes and lose weight without doing anything while you have approaching zero authentic human connection, let alone culture not astroturfed by some corporate profit maximizing creative studio?
At least if you’re doing light farming and harvesting and’s spending all your day with your people practicing your cultural traditions passed down through the eons, you’re actually human, not whatever this is in the west today that is having its humanity destroyed by a parasite with every passing day.
chmod775 15 hours ago [-]
The idea that our hunter-gatherer ancestors were running around 16 hours a day with no downtime is a fantasy to begin with. They had more leisure time than early farmers and many Americans[1]
At Hohle Fels, they also found a similar lion man — 2 meters from a harmonically tuned flute!
jantuss 7 hours ago [-]
The sculpture was relatively safe for 40,000 years. I think we should study it, 3D scan it, replicate it, and put it back in the cave so it can stay safe for a few more Millenia. In a museum it may be bombed, burnt, or stolen, and that would be a shame.
DoctorOetker 7 hours ago [-]
How certain are we really that not the materials but the resulting figurine is authentic?
From Wikipedia on the Lion-man (English):
> It was not until archaeologist Joachim Hahn started an inventory and assembly of more than 200 fragments that a figurine with animal and human features began to emerge.[5]
We have seen countless examples before, from the Brontosaur skull mixup mess to the heavy-handed "restoration" of the Knossos Palace, including an essential made up King-Priest frieze from real fragments by Sir Arthur Evans.
For some reason the Wikipedia pages don't contain this information on Brontosaur or Evans' pages for example...
jantuss 3 hours ago [-]
Exactly, the reconstruction is subjective and can lead to damage. It is better to make copies of the parts and reconstruct those
DoctorOetker 1 hours ago [-]
you convinced me with this concise argument
so the fragment-recombining future looks like robot archaeology: fragment collection done by careful robots documenting and keeping statistics on each grain of sand or potential fragment, those datasets will constantly be repuzzled with gradient descent and better and better loss functions, and humans go to the museum or dataset download page of reconstructed artifacts, or at least watch the funniest ones among an unlikely large cloud in likelihood space...
thisisauserid 17 hours ago [-]
The Eurasian Cave Lion was around there back then and was probably the direct model for the Lion-man sculpture. It was roughly 20% larger than modern African lions. Paleolithic cave paintings (e.g., Chauvet) show the male cave lions lacked the heavy neck manes of modern lions.
fishfasell 15 hours ago [-]
Been reading "Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind", this piece is mentioned as the earliest proof of the Cognitive Revolution that we know of. It displays how humans were able to envisions things that do not exist, crafting fiction from reality. How early man was able to share stories and how religions probably came to be.
solidasparagus 14 hours ago [-]
Sapiens is super loose about interpreting facts carefully, particularly the prehistory part.
Cockbrand 4 hours ago [-]
I'm currently reading that book, and I find this sentiment interesting (not knowing any better myself) - is there a critique/fact-check somewhere?
fishfasell 3 hours ago [-]
Agreed. The whole premise of language being created to gossip has zero scientific merit.
argee 15 hours ago [-]
Isn't that begging the question? For one, people can wear a lion headdress, making it something that does exist in real life. Secondly, it seems to be carved from a single tusk, which might have forced some choices when it comes to anatomy, rather than being "as conceived".
recursivecaveat 11 hours ago [-]
Wouldn't you be wearing a lion headdress for some kind of symbolic reason though? Like it's not a very practical piece of clothing. I would guess you either want to draw some kind of parallel between yourself and lions, or maybe remind people that you're strong enough to have killed a lion. I don't think there are any animals that take hunting trophies like that.
card_zero 13 hours ago [-]
Heh. "What does it signify, this lion with a man's body?" - "ran out of space".
Loughla 14 hours ago [-]
But that's also just ignoring the fact that humans seem inherently drawn to the fantastic, whether in religion or something else. There isn't really any reason to believe that wouldn't have existed 40k years ago, correct?
saghm 13 hours ago [-]
That's what they mean by begging the question; you don't really get much useful information from trying to cite something as evidence of what you've already assumed.
the_gipsy 6 hours ago [-]
This is the earliest evidence of such fantasy we have. It's not that this piece at this time was the earliest human fantasy, but there is a cutoff line somewhere between humans and our last common ancestor chimpanzees.
walrus01 13 hours ago [-]
For those interested in very early human history, this 2010 documentary by Werner Herzog:
It was filmed in 3D as was the hype at the time, but the 2D version is completely watchable and is the most commonly distributed format.
benbreen 5 hours ago [-]
I’m currently at the Archaeological Museum in Istanbul. Was just thinking of this post ten minutes ago when I saw what the plaque described as a “humanoid-lion hybrid creature” from the Neo-Hittite empire in 9th century BCE. In fact lion-men of various sorts are everywhere in the more ancient parts of the museum. Makes me wonder about potential continuity, as distant as this is.
tesnorindian 14 hours ago [-]
In Hindu religion, lion man is called Lord Narasimha, the 4th avatar of Lord Vishnu. He is often worshiped in Ahobilam, Andhra Pradesh, India. This avatar is after Wild Bohr (Varaha) which wandered the forests before it took the avatar of Lion man and settled in caves.3rd and 4th avatars' common link was both were mammals.Second was Tortoise (Reptile) and first was Fish (Aquatic vertebrates)
Alien1Being 8 hours ago [-]
Bhai, Sanatana Dharma is ancient, but surely this statue is far older.
This statue is around 35,000 years old.
Hinduism is fairly young by contrast and is only around 4000 years old.
card_zero 13 hours ago [-]
Hey look, simha/simba, check out the false cognate.
Wild Niels Bohr sounds pretty dangerous.
drTobiasFunke 14 hours ago [-]
[flagged]
andsoitis 3 days ago [-]
Between 35,000 and 41,000 years old. Germany.
orsenthil 15 hours ago [-]
TIL that Humans have been around for more than 40,000 years! I thought we started around 1000s of BC.
Manuports are natural rocks in "funny" shapes, like faces or falluses, which are found back (far) out of place and often in the neighbourhood of other human remnants.
wewewedxfgdf 15 hours ago [-]
A 67,800-year-old hand stencil was discovered in a limestone cave on Muna Island in Sulawesi, Indonesia
The Madjedbebe rock shelter in the Australian Northern Territory show that people lived in Australia at least 65,000 years ago where stone tools, ground ochre for paint, and food remains were found.
sususizisi 2 hours ago [-]
Oh no, sir, you are definitely right and these infidels and their heretical ways will soon learn the wrath of the one true God.
Which is Zeus.
andai 14 hours ago [-]
The Neanderthals were still around, until a few tens of thousands of years ago. We lived in the same time and place as them, and occasionally had kids together.
Carrok 15 hours ago [-]
More than 300,000 years.
ahazred8ta 12 hours ago [-]
There are stone tools half a million years old. Who do you think made them?
(The timing is right at least and the lead author is from the Smithsonian)
She probably shouldn't have but she let me hold them in my hands. You could see that they were made by stuffing a skull with grass then putting the clay over the skull - you could see the grass imprints on the inside. I think they were from 9000 BC, Syria region. Pretty much brand new compared to this lion.
padjo 8 hours ago [-]
What always strikes me is that someone, 40,000 years ago, using a pointy stone and some ivory, can make a better looking statuette than I could manage with the best modelling clay and tools available today.
adrianN 8 hours ago [-]
It probably was not their first attempt.
newsy-combi 3 hours ago [-]
Lion standing up makes no sense. This is supposed to be a bear. The marks on its arm denote how many people it killed. It's not religious, it's not sexual, it's educational.
harrylove 16 hours ago [-]
40k years from now, a hominid excavates a computer and materializes a login page in the ether. "We think they used this for ritual sacrifice or to brush their teeth or both."
clickety_clack 16 hours ago [-]
It appears to be a primitive game where the user tries to guess which of 9 images contains “traffic lights” or “motorcycles” (whatever they are).
doginasuit 12 hours ago [-]
An ancient ritual they believed would prove their humanity and worthiness of access to arcane engines of search.
walrus01 13 hours ago [-]
40k years from now archaeologists explore a former landfill, find an adult toy and enter into endless academic debate about whether it was really a dildo
https://bsky.app/profile/hnwiki.bsky.social
Check it out!
This article is the first post, and if there is 48 hours with no posts, then one from the archives is posted.
Its easy to feel that everything is meaningless on long/large enough scale, even if we decide to annihilate Earth, or whole Solar system, or entire Milky way somehow. Universe will continue its dance from sub-quarks to largest filaments of galaxies unaffected and end state is as inevitable as the fact that tomorrow will happen.
https://www.mostdiscussed.com/
There is also a Mastodon bridge via Mastofeed:
https://mastodon.social/@MostDiscussed
My wife jokes that anthropologists think everything is about either sex or religion. It never occurs to them that these figurines might be toys for kids. After all, children 40,000 years ago were anatomically modern. They would have gotten bored and wanted to play, or missed their parents while the parents were out foraging or hunting.
> Wulf Hein and Kurt Wehrberger conducted an experimental replication with the kinds of stone tools available at the time. Removing the base of the tusk took ten hours. The body was carved with a steep-fronted scraper; the burins requiring regular resharpening. Several tools were needed to separate the torso from the insides of the arms while shaping the head and shoulders, which involved difficult cutting across the grain of the ivory, often requiring two hands on the tool. The basic shaping is estimated to have taken around 200 hours, and in total the recreation likely took more than 370 hours.[d] Jill Cook, Curator of Palaeolithic collections at the British Museum, suggests that "unless the sculpture was created slowly at odd moments over several months, someone as skilled as an artist may have been excused from other subsistence tasks to work specially on this piece."[23]
Nearly a year of "full time" work at 40hrs/week went into this, so I do not think it was simply a children's toy.
EDIT: Not a year, actually just over 2 months.
> Nearly a year of "full time" work at 40hrs/week went into this
Sorry, I think you may be mistaken? From the section you quote, it looks like it's about 370 hours, or 9 weeks of full time effort. That's still a lot, but certainly not nearly a year.
I also don't think it rules out it being something for a child. It's not so rare to do big projects for you kids even today, over many evenings and weekends. And when you don't have any books to read or screens to watch...
There are a number of plausible explanations including just someone DID have the time and wasn't all that busy. That's even more likely but I wanted to call out the perspective that it might not have been the most typical situation that led to this.
Nobody says they couldn't find a time to do carving (existence of the artifact shows they could). The issue in question is comparative value of the time spent on it. Hunting, gathering and concomitant works were certainly both physically and mentally very demanding activities, and their way of life required thoughtful spending of energy. Consequently, whatever irregular pastime they had should have to be extremely valuable. It makes 'toy theory' somewhat unconvincing.
For instance, I heard Reich said in a podcast that genes linked to obesity, and diabetes, which in our times are, of course, seen as detrimental, were norm among Eurasian WHG population. And this suggests they weren't detrimental to them. Now, what would make quick fat in-body production beneficial? I guess, when your calories intake is uncertain and irregular. There are other researches on the same Kalahari Bushmen, Sahlins used to made the theory of HG affluence, which e.g. emphasize how food scarcity affects customs of food sharing. Similar observations made about "uncontacted" Amazonian tribes, where food theoretically is abundant, but the amount of time, and effort one needs to extract them with pre-metal era tools is still too high to go to rest without at least a slight feeling of hunger.
Reality is that Sahlins probably made observations in an unusually good year, and then romanticized them too much. And that's the only data point on which the theory rests to the best of my knowledge, with many points contradicting it.
One may argue that hunting with its short feedback loop, and camaraderie of a tight group relying on each other's help are healthier psychologically compared to office politics and closing boring tasks, or even farming work - not without merit. But uncertainty of survival, calorie deficit, and amount of both mental, and physical effort HG-ing required is definitely underappreciated among followers of "Original affluent society" theory. HG didn't have easy lifestyle with long creative rests. It's just something we'd love to believe, because of how cool it sounds.
You uh, missed a decimal point there. A year at 40 hours/week would be 2000 hours, not 200. The quote "unless the sculpture was created slowly at odd moments over several months" seems accurate in light of that, but rather odd: why wouldn't it be created slowly at odd moments over several months, or even years? Was prehistoric man lacking in free time? The article eventually continues: "why would a community living on the edge of subsistence, whose primary concerns were finding food, keeping that fire going, protecting children from predators, allow someone to spend so much time away from those tasks?" Keeping a fire going or protecting from predators are tasks with rather a lot of down time. I can easily imagine a person doing either of those while also whittling on a piece of bone. It's also just ridiculous to assume that subsistence living meant being constantly on the verge of starvation. Sometimes times were bad, and many people died. Then later, times were good, food could be obtained easily, and plenty of time would be left over for leisure tasks.
They actually do as anyone who actually reads or go to museums knows.
One possibility that occurs to me is the carving was done by the elderly, the injured, or possibility the young, who would not have such duties. A carving by a shaman is another possibility.
Probably most of us would not want to trade places with a substance hunter/gatherer, but their lives had downtime, right? I would expect their lives to be punctuated by good downtime (got enough food to eat and a good supply of tools, time to relax) as well as bad downtime (wasn’t successful at hunting or gathering, ran out of resources to process).
Are you better off because you can play video games and doom scroll while stuffing yourself with people shop chemicals and then take lizard toxin to control your diabetes and lose weight without doing anything while you have approaching zero authentic human connection, let alone culture not astroturfed by some corporate profit maximizing creative studio?
At least if you’re doing light farming and harvesting and’s spending all your day with your people practicing your cultural traditions passed down through the eons, you’re actually human, not whatever this is in the west today that is having its humanity destroyed by a parasite with every passing day.
[1] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-019-0614-6
At Hohle Fels, they also found a similar lion man — 2 meters from a harmonically tuned flute!
From Wikipedia on the Lion-man (English):
> It was not until archaeologist Joachim Hahn started an inventory and assembly of more than 200 fragments that a figurine with animal and human features began to emerge.[5]
We have seen countless examples before, from the Brontosaur skull mixup mess to the heavy-handed "restoration" of the Knossos Palace, including an essential made up King-Priest frieze from real fragments by Sir Arthur Evans.
For some reason the Wikipedia pages don't contain this information on Brontosaur or Evans' pages for example...
so the fragment-recombining future looks like robot archaeology: fragment collection done by careful robots documenting and keeping statistics on each grain of sand or potential fragment, those datasets will constantly be repuzzled with gradient descent and better and better loss functions, and humans go to the museum or dataset download page of reconstructed artifacts, or at least watch the funniest ones among an unlikely large cloud in likelihood space...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave_of_Forgotten_Dreams
It was filmed in 3D as was the hype at the time, but the 2D version is completely watchable and is the most commonly distributed format.
This statue is around 35,000 years old.
Hinduism is fairly young by contrast and is only around 4000 years old.
Wild Niels Bohr sounds pretty dangerous.
Apparently the oldest stone tools found that can be attributed to hominids, are around 3 million years old: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oldowan.
When only counting Homo sapiens, they have found tools that are around 315.000 years old: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jebel_Irhoud.
And that's just what we have actually found :)
Manuports are natural rocks in "funny" shapes, like faces or falluses, which are found back (far) out of place and often in the neighbourhood of other human remnants.
The Madjedbebe rock shelter in the Australian Northern Territory show that people lived in Australia at least 65,000 years ago where stone tools, ground ochre for paint, and food remains were found.
Which is Zeus.
(The timing is right at least and the lead author is from the Smithsonian)
She probably shouldn't have but she let me hold them in my hands. You could see that they were made by stuffing a skull with grass then putting the clay over the skull - you could see the grass imprints on the inside. I think they were from 9000 BC, Syria region. Pretty much brand new compared to this lion.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacirema